Where you meet inches
Inches turn up wherever products are made for the US market or sold worldwide with American sizes. Screens are the best example: a 6.1 inch phone has a diagonal of 15.49 cm, a 15.6 inch laptop 39.62 cm, a 27 inch monitor 68.58 cm and a 65 inch TV 165.1 cm. Keep in mind that this is the diagonal, not the width.
Jeans are sized by waist and inseam in inches, so W32 L34 means a waist of 81.28 cm and a leg length of 86.36 cm. Bicycle wheels (26, 27.5 and 29 inches), pipe fittings, photo prints (a 4 x 6 print is 10.16 x 15.24 cm) and pizza sizes are other places where you need the metric value.
Fractions of an inch
Tape measures and hardware often use fractions instead of decimals. Type them as decimals: 1/2 in is 0.5 (1.27 cm), 1/4 in is 0.25 (6.35 mm), 3/8 in is 0.375 (9.525 mm) and 1/16 in is 0.0625 (1.5875 mm). Pick millimeters in the To list when you need finer values for drills and screws.